| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Negro Rebellion ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Negro Rebellion
The Negro Rebellion ((スペイン語:Levantamiento Armado de los Independientes de Color), "Armed Uprising of the Independents of Color"; also known as the ''Little Race War'', ''War of 1912'', or ''The Twelve'') was an armed conflict in Cuba, between Afro-Cuban rebels on one side and the Cuban and US military on the other. It took place in 1912, mainly in the eastern region of the island where most Afro-Cubans were employed. The conflict saw the widespread massacre of Afro-Cubans by the Cuban Army, and an intervention by the United States military. Both the massacre and the presence of American troops quelled the violence so the unrest and the occupation ended after only a few weeks.〔〔 The Afro-Cubans' leaders, Evaristo Estenoz and Pedro Ivonnet, were killed during the rebellion〔( Estenoz was killed by a bullet in the back of the head, after surrendering, June 27, 2012. "El Doce-1912: The 1912 Massacre of AfroCubans", afrocubaweb.com ); ( J. A. Sierra, "Race War of 1912 - A Timeline", History of Cuba.com )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Ivonnet surrendered, but was killed, ostensibly "trying to escape", on July 18, 2012. J. A. Sierra, "Race War of 1912 - A Timeline", History of Cuba.com )〕 and their party, the Independent Party of Color, was dissolved.
==Background==
The Independent Party of Color played a central role in the conflict. Under the leadership of Evaristo Estenoz, the party quickly gained the support of a large number Afro-Cubans in opposition to Pres. José Miguel Gómez. Conditions in Cuba were poor for the black inhabitants, most of whom were employed in the sugarcane industry. Estenoz led a movement to better these conditions which had begun with the War of 1895. The Independent Party of Color was formed in 1908 by veterans of the War of 1895, primarily by the officers. Pres. Gómez ordered the party disbanded under the Morúa law which outlawed political parties based on race.〔Perez, Louis A., Cuba Between Reform and Revolution, 3rd ed., p. 168. Latin American Histories, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.〕 By 1912 the Independent Party of Color had regrouped to stage another armed rebellion.
In early 1912, the United States government sent a detachment of 688 officers and enlisted US Marines to Guantanamo Naval Base. Meanwhile, Estenoz and his followers were preparing an armed rebellion.〔Musicant, I, The Banana Wars, 1990, New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., ISBN 0025882104〕 Though they were lightly armed, the rebels numbered several hundred men, mainly peasants.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Negro Rebellion」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|